to the ardent acquisition of knowledge. The lessons he had learned in the school of misfortune and amid the troubles of his minority had given a serious and meditative character to his spirit, a precocious maturity to his intelligence, and an unusual elevation to his ideas. To have witnessed, indeed, and to some extent shared in, the political troubles and experiments of ten years was in itself and education of the highest practical value for this precociously philosophic Sovereign of fifteen.

"Progress, liberty, patriotism", have been the watchwords of Dom Pedro II since the commencement of his reign; progress intellectual and social; liberty wisely regulated by the law; and patriotism fertile in devotion, morality and dignity. Such is the testimony of M. Mossé, and it is entirely borne out by the evidence of his book, from which it is clear that in Brazil the ancient Radical idea has been realised which makes the end of good government the greatest happiness of the greatest number. The shade of Bentham must surely rejoice at seeing so worthy a disciple of his in a reigning sovereign. If he was merely the sovereign of a territory like Monaco his character might not be of much public importance, but Brazil is six times as large as France, and in 1840 possessed a population of five millions, of whom two millions were negro slaves. Today the population is fourteen millions, and negro slavery has been abolished since the 13th of May last year. At the former period there were eighteen provinces to which two have since been